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Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
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This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The last updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. Please feel free to improve this article or discuss changes on the talk page. (October 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
Coordinates: 40°26′37″N 79°55′17″W
Pittsburgh synagogue shooting |
|
Location |
Tree of Life – Or L’Simcha Congregation, |
Date |
October 27, 2018 |
Target |
Tree of Life – Or L’Simcha Congregation |
Attack type |
|
Weapons |
|
Deaths |
11 |
Non-fatal injuries |
7 (including 4 police and the suspected perpetrator) |
Suspected perpetrator |
|
Motive |
Antisemitism, belief in the white genocide conspiracy theory |
Charges |
The Pittsburgh synagogue shooting was a mass shooting that occurred at Tree of Life – Or L’Simcha Congregation[a] in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on October 27, 2018, while Shabbat morning services and a briswere being held. Eleven people were killed, and nine were injured. The sole suspect, 46-year-old Robert Gregory Bowers,[3][4] was arrested and charged with 29 federal crimes and 36 state crimes.[3][5] The shooting was the deadliest attack on the Jewish community in the United States.[7][8] The event was one of three far-right public attacks that took place in the United States the same week, along with a series of mail bombing attempts and the Jeffersontown Kroger shooting.[9]
Contents
Background
Part of a series on |
Part of Jewish history |
Tree of Life – Or L’Simcha Congregation is a Conservative Jewish synagogue. The synagogue describes itself as a “traditional, progressive, and egalitarian congregation”.[10] It is located in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of Carnegie Mellon University and about 5 miles (8.0 km) east of downtown Pittsburgh.[10][11] The Squirrel Hill neighborhood is one of the largest predominantly Jewish neighborhoods in the United States and has historically been the center of Pittsburgh’s Jewish community, with 26 percent of the city’s Jewish population living in the area.[12][13][14]
Originally founded as an Orthodox Jewish congregation in 1864 in downtown Pittsburgh, Tree of Life merged in 2010 with the recently founded Congregation Or L’Simcha.[15] The modern synagogue building, located at the intersection of Wilkins Avenue and Shady Avenue in Squirrel Hill, was built in 1953; it rents space to Dor Hadash,[b] a Reconstructionistcongregation; and New Light, another Conservative congregation.[16][17][18] The synagogue’s main sanctuary has a capacity of 1,250 people.[19]
Although Squirrel Hill has a low crime rate and is not generally regarded as racially tense, local rabbinic student Neal Rosenblum was murdered in the neighborhood in 1986 in an antisemitic hate crime.[20]
Incident
The gunman, described as a “bearded heavy-set white male”, entered the building at approximately 9:50 a.m. EDT (1:50 p.m. GMT) and shouted, “All Jews must die!” before opening fire and “shooting for about 20 minutes”.[17][21] The shooting took place during scheduled Shabbat morning services and a bris.[5][11][22] A member of the Jewish Federation of Pittsburgh told reporters that between 60 and 100 people were inside the building at the time of the incident.[23]
At 9:54 a.m., police began receiving calls from people barricaded in the building reporting the attack.[24][25] At 9:59 a.m., police arrived at the synagogue.[25][26] The gunman fired on police from the synagogue, wounding two officers. Police returned fire causing the gunman to retreat into the building.[27] At 10:30 a.m., tactical teams entered the building and were fired upon by the gunman. Officers returned fire and wounded him, leading him to retreat to a room on the third floor of the synagogue.[25] In the exchange of gunfire two SWAT members were wounded, one critically.[27]
At 11:08 a.m., the gunman was taken into custody after he crawled out of the room in which he was hiding and surrendered.[28] As he received medical care, he told a SWAT officer that he “wanted all Jews to die” and that Jews “were committing genocide to his people,” according to a criminal complaint filed in Allegheny County.[29]
Victims
Eleven people were killed,[30][31][32] including three on the ground level and four in the synagogue’s basement.[33] Among the dead were two brothers and a married couple.[21][34] At least six others were injured, including four police officers.[24] Most of the victims were taken to UPMC Presbyterian Hospital and UPMC Mercy, while the suspected shooter was taken to Allegheny General Hospital.[24][35][36] The eleven killed were:[30][31][32][37][38]
Suspect
Robert Gregory Bowers,[3][4] a 46-year-old resident of Baldwin, Pennsylvania, was arrested as the suspected shooter.[39][40][41][42] Neighbors described him as “a ghost” and said that he rarely interacted with others.[39] He was armed with an AR-15 rifle (cited by authorities as an “assault rifle”[2]) and three handguns, all four of which he fired, according to authorities.[5][11][43][44]
Bowers’ Gab social media profile was registered in January 2018 under the handle “onedingo”, and the account’s description was: “Jews are the children of Satan (John 8:44). The Lord Jesus Christ [has] come in the flesh.” The cover picture was a photo with the number 1488, which is used by neo-Nazis and white supremacists to evoke David Lane‘s “Fourteen Words” and the Nazi slogan Heil Hitler. He had published posts supporting the white genocide theory. Bowers also stated supporters of the QAnon conspiracy theory were “deluded” and being tricked.[45][46][47] He also re-posted content by other anti-Semitic, neo-Nazi, and Holocaust-denying users,[48][49][50] and he criticized President Donald Trump for being a “globalist, not a nationalist“[51] and for supposedly being controlled and surrounded by Jews. In another post, he wrote, “There is no #MAGA [Make America Great Again] as long as there is a [Jewish] infestation.”[42][52][53][54] Other posts attacked African Americans with racial slurs and images related to lynching, and attacked women who have relationships with black men.[55] He also used his online accounts to post conspiracy theories regarding investor and philanthropist George Soros.[56]
A month before the attack, Bowers posted photos showing the results of his target practice, and a photo of his three handguns, calling them his “glock family”.[49] In the post, he identified the .357 SIG handguns as Glock 31, Glock 32, and Glock 33.[48]
In the weeks before the shooting, Bowers made anti-Semitic posts directed at the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS)-sponsored National Refugee Shabbat[57] of October 19-20, in which Tree of Life participated.[58][59][60][61] He claimed that Jews were aiding members of Central American caravans moving towards the United States border and to have referred to members of those caravans as “invaders”.[62] Shortly before the attack, in an apparent reference to immigrants to the United States, he posted on Gab that “HIAS likes to bring invaders in that kill our people. I can’t sit by and watch my people get slaughtered. Screw your optics, I’m going in.”[63][64][42] According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, “the mention of ‘optics’ references a disagreement that has raged within the white nationalist movement since the Unite the Right rally in 2017 about how best to get their message across to the general public”.[65]
After the shooting, Gab contacted the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), suspended Bowers’ profile, and pledged to cooperate with the criminal investigation.[45][50] Shortly after the attack, PayPal, Stripe, Joyent, and Medium pulled support for Gab, and GoDaddy, which the Gab domains were registered under, required Gab to relocate their domain name hosting to a different service in the wake of the shooting, effectively shutting Gab down in the short term.[66]
Criminal charges and proceedings
Bowers was charged by the US Department of Justice with 29 federal crimes.[3][5][67]
The federal charges include eleven counts of obstruction of exercise of religious beliefs resulting in death, eleven counts of use of a firearm to commit murder during a crime of violence, four counts of obstruction of exercise of religious beliefs resulting in bodily injury to a public safety officer, and three counts of use and discharge of a firearm during a crime of violence.[21][67][68][69]
The crimes of violence are based upon the federal civil rights laws prohibiting hate crimes.[69]
Bowers was also charged with 36 state criminal counts, including 11 counts of criminal homicide, 6 counts of aggravated assault, 6 counts of attempted criminal homicide and 13 counts of ethnic intimidation.[3][5]
Bowers appeared in federal court in Pittsburgh on October 29, to hear the charges against him. His attorney was appointed by the court and he was remanded to the custody of the United States Marshals Service without bail pending further hearings.[70]
Response
United States
Pennsylvania governor Tom Wolfmakes a statement about the shooting. Mayor of Pittsburgh Bill Peduto stands listening, seventh from right (striped tie).
President Donald Trump, Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf, his running mate Braddock Mayor John Fetterman, and Pittsburgh City Councilman Corey O’Connor released statements about the incident through Twitter.[71] Trump called the shooting a wicked, anti-Semitic act of “pure evil.”[71] He also opined that the shooting was preventable: “If there was an armed guard inside the temple, they would have been able to stop him”.[72][73][74] He also suggested that cases such as this call for the death penalty.[74]
Cecilia Wang of the American Civil Liberties Union said that the attack, along with other recent unrest, was inspired by elements of Trump’s rhetoric.[75] Vice President Mike Pence denied any such connection in an NBC News interview that night.[76][77] Over 2,000 people, including many from the local Jewish community, protested against Trump’s presence, chanting “Words have meaning”, and carrying signs with such slogans as “We build bridges not walls”.[78]
From October 27 to October 31, all American flags on public and military grounds were flown at half-staff in memory of the victims.[79]
The Boise, Idaho Chabad Jewish Center memorial service for the Tree of Life victims had an overflowing crowd from all walks of life.
International
Israel’s prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu condemned the “horrifying anti-Semitic brutality” adding that “the whole of Israel grieves with the families of the dead.”[80][81][82][83] Israel’s education and diaspora affairs minister, Naftali Bennett, immediately left for Pittsburgh to visit the synagogue, meet with community members, and participate in the funerals of the victims,[84] and has directed the Ministry of Diaspora Affairs “to assess and prepare to assist the Pittsburgh Jewish community, ‘including the need for emergency and resilience teams that immediately left Israel for psychological assistance and community rehabilitation.'”[85][86][87] Israel’s cabinet stood for a moment’s silence on Sunday to honor the victims of a synagogue shooting.[88]
Chief Rabbi of Israel David Lau expressed support for the victims saying that “any murder of any Jew in any part of the world for being Jewish is unforgivable”.[89] He described the location as “a place with a profound Jewish flavor”. Many news reports asserted that Lau refused to refer to the Conservative congregation as a “synagogue” since it is non-Orthodox, but in the interview in question, Lau asked rhetorically, “Why does it matter in what synagogue or what liturgy they were praying?!” (emphasis in the original).[90] However, prominent non-Orthodox Israeli religious leaders and scholars rejected Lau’s statement.[91][92][93]
Tel Aviv Municipality lit their city hall building with the colors of the American flag in solidarity with the victims of the Pittsburgh synagogue attack.[94][95] An image of the Israeli flag next to the American flag was projected onto Jerusalem’s Western Wall.[96]
Pope Francis denounced the “inhuman act of violence” in his Sunday prayers in St. Peter’s Square on October 28, leading prayers for the dead and wounded, as well as their families. He asked God “to help us to extinguish the flames of hatred that develop in our societies”.[97]
Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs Javad Zarif offered his thoughts and prayers to the victims of the shooting and stated that “Extremism and terrorism know no race or religion, and must be condemned in all cases”.[98]
Hamas also offered condolences and condemned the attack.[99]
Media and organizations
The New York Times published an op-ed by Jonathan Greenblatt, CEO of the Anti-Defamation League, that urged readers to fight against antisemitism and hate.[100]
On October 28, the Empire State Building darkened its lights in honor of the victims. According to the building’s Twitter account, the top of the spire was left aglow with “an orange halo shining a light on gun violence awareness”.[101] The Eiffel Tower also darkened its lights in tribute to the victims of the shooting.[102]
Sports teams that observed a moment of silence for the shooting victims include the Pittsburgh Steelers at their home game against the Cleveland Browns,[103] the New Orleans Saints at the Minnesota Vikings,[104] the Pittsburgh Penguins at the Vancouver Canucks,[105] the Winnipeg Jets at the Toronto Maple Leafs,[106] the Philadelphia Eagles and the Jacksonville Jaguars playing in London,[107] and the Pittsburgh Panthers at Duke.[108] A moment of silence was also observed before Game 4 of the World Series at Dodger Stadium on Saturday night.[108]
The Pittsburgh Penguins wore jerseys with a patch that read “Stronger Than Hate” for their game against the New York Islanders on October 30. The team announced that following the game, the team would auction off the jerseys on behalf of the synagogue.[109]
A CNN column opined the event was one of three hate-related incidents that took place in the United States in the same week, along with a series of mail bombing attempts against people and institutions Donald Trump has criticized (including CNN) and the Jeffersontown Kroger shooting of two black men.[110]
Local
Carnegie Mellon University lowered the American flag to half-staff to mourn the victims.
People gathered again at the intersection of Forbes and Murray Avenues in front of the Sixth Presbyterian Church on October 30. On the same day, President Donald Trump visited Pittsburgh in response to the shooting incident.[111]
Immediately after the shooting, the campus of Carnegie Mellon University was placed on lockdown and all university-sponsored activities were cancelled for the day.[18] At the same time residents were advised by police to remain in their homes and stay off the streets.[33]
On the evening of the shooting, over 3,000 people gathered at the intersection of Murray and Forbes Avenues in Squirrel Hill for an interfaith candlelight vigil organized by students from nearby Taylor Allderdice High School.[112] Two additional vigils were also held in the neighborhood.[5]
The day after the shooting, an interfaith vigil organized by the regional Jewish Federation was held at Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall, drawing an overflow crowd estimated at 2,500.[113] The event was attended by numerous national and local dignitaries, and featured a number of speakers, including the rabbis of the three congregations which occupied the synagogue building, Islamic and Christian clergy, and civic leaders.[114] Among those in attendance were Bill Peduto, mayor of Pittsburgh; Rich Fitzgerald, Allegheny County executive; Senators Bob Casey and Pat Toomey; Governor Tom Wolf; Naftali Bennett, Israeli Minister for Education and Minister for Diaspora Affairs; Ron Dermer, Israeli ambassador to the United States; and Danny Danon, permanent representative of Israel to the United Nations. A video was streamed during the event featuring Israeli president Reuven Rivlin,[115] who offered brief remarks and led the crowd in a recitation of the Kaddish.[116][117]
An unusually large proportion of the Pittsburgh Jewish community from all denominations participated in local Jewish rituals related to death and mourning. Jewish tradition requires a person to guard a corpse until it is buried. Volunteer guards (shomrim) took one-hour shifts at the Pittsburgh morgue until the bodies were moved to funeral homes. The Atlantic reported that “most of the volunteers appeared to be Orthodox, but they felt strong solidarity with the liberal communities that were directly affected by the shooting”,[118]
Visit by Trump
On October 30, President Donald Trump came to Pittsburgh, accompanied by First Lady Melania Trump, daughter Ivanka Trump, son-in-law Jared Kushner, and Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin. They first stopped at the synagogue, where Trump lit candles for the victims in the vestibule and then went outside to place one small stone on each of the 11 Star-of-David markers of the memorial to those killed there, stones which Trump had brought from the grounds of the White House. Then the group went to UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, where Trump spoke with wounded victims, their families, law enforcement officials, and medical staff.[111]
Trump’s visit was discouraged by some in the Pittsburgh community. Pittsburgh mayor Bill Peduto said that Trump should not have come, as the wounds were raw and the community was just beginning to mourn and hold funerals.[119] Peduto, with agreement from Allegheny County executive Rich Fitzgerald, also urged Trump to consider “the wills of the families” of the deceased.[120] Over 70,000 people signed an open letter stating that Trump was not welcome until he “fully denounces white nationalism”.[121] Former Tree of Life president Lynette Lederman also opposed Trump’s visit, saying that she felt his words were “hypocritical” and that “We have people who stand by us who believe in values, not just Jewish values, but believe in values, and those are the not the values of this president, and I do not welcome him to Pittsburgh”.[122][123][124] Before Trump’s visit, Tree of Life rabbi Jeffrey Myers said, “There is hate, and it isn’t going away. It just seems to be getting worse. … We’ve got to stop hate, and it can’t just be to say we need to stop hate. We need to do, we need to act to tone down rhetoric,” adding that he would welcome a visit from President Trump.[122] Aaron Bisno, the rabbi of Rodef Shalom Congregation, stated that he did not think Trump’s presence was good, saying that for many people in the community Trump had become a “symbol of division”.[125] The entourage was not greeted at the airport by any state or local officials, as is customary, and during Trump’s visit to the synagogue, hundreds of protesters were cordoned off a few blocks away.
Fundraising
Numerous fundraising efforts were launched to assist with medical bills and counseling for survivors of the shooting, burial of the victims, and repairs to the synagogue.[126] As of October 30, a GoFundMe account had raised US$900,000 of a US$1 million goal.[127] The LaunchGood Muslim crowdfunding site has raised $200,000,[127] to be distributed by the Islamic Center of Pittsburgh.[126] The Jewish Federation of Greater Pittsburgh raised more than US$205,000 by October 29; donations to that organization will be matched by the United Way of Southwestern Pennsylvania.[126]
See also
Notes
References
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Lion Air Flight 610
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
|
This article documents a current event. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The last updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. Please feel free to improve this article or discuss changes on the talk page. (October 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
Lion Air Flight 610 |
|
PK-LQP, the aircraft involved in the accident, photographed in September 2018 |
|
Accident |
|
Date |
29 October 2018 |
Summary |
Crashed into ocean shortly after take off |
Site |
Java Sea, off the north coast of Karawang Regency, Indonesia |
Aircraft |
|
Aircraft type |
|
Operator |
|
IATA flight No. |
JT610 |
ICAO flight No. |
LNI610 |
Call sign |
LION INTER 610 |
PK-LQP |
|
Flight origin |
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport |
Destination |
Depati Amir Airport |
Passengers |
181 |
Crew |
8 |
Fatalities |
189 (all)[1] |
Survivors |
0 |
|
Lion Air Flight 610’s flight route |
Lion Air Flight 610 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight operated by the Indonesian airline Lion Air from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta to Depati Amir Airport in Pangkal Pinang that crashed 13 minutes after takeoff on 29 October 2018.[2][3] Wreckage from the Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft was found in the Java Sea, off the coast of Java.[4] Officials concluded that all 189 passengers and crew are dead.[5]
Contents
Aircraft[edit]
The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737 MAX 8, registration PK-LQP, manufacturer’s serial number 43000, powered by two CFM International LEAP engines.[6] The aircraft was leased from CMIG Aviation Capital and delivered new to Lion Air on 13 August 2018[7][8] At the time of the accident, the aircraft had flown about 800 hours in service.[9] This is the first accident involving a 737 MAX since the type’s entry into service on 22 May 2017.[10]
Flight details and accident[edit]
The aircraft took off from Jakarta on 29 October 2018 at 6:20 a.m local time (28 October 2018, 23:20 UTC) and was scheduled to arrive at Depati Amir Airport in Pangkal Pinang at 7:20 am.[11] It took off in a westward direction before circling around to a northeasterly heading, which it held until crashing offshore at about 6:33 a.m. northeast of Jakarta in waters estimated to be up to 35 metres (115 ft) deep.[12][13] According to an official at Pangkal Pinang’s search and rescue office, the flight crew had requested clearance to return to the Jakarta airport 19km into the flight.[14][15] The accident site was located 34 km (62.968 nautical miles) off the coast of the Karawang Regency on the island of Java.[16]
The accident is the deadliest involving a Boeing 737.[17]
Passengers and crew[edit]
According to Indonesian officials, there were 189 people on board the aircraft: 181 passengers (178 adults, 1 child and 2 babies), as well as six cabin crew and two pilots.[18] The death toll is still unknown but it is unlikely that anyone survived the accident.
Crew[edit]
Lion Air identified the flight’s captain as an Indian national who had flown for the airline for more than seven years and had logged about 6,000 hours of flight time;[19] and the co-pilot as an Indonesian who had logged about 5,000 hours of flight time.[4][20]
Passengers[edit]
Twenty Ministry of Finance employees,[13] ten Audit Board of Indonesia employees,[21] two auditors from the Finance and Development Inspection Agency (id),[22] seven Bangka Belitung Regional People’s Representative Council members,[23] three public attorneys,[24] and three judges of Indonesia’s High Court and National Court[25] were among the passengers. There were two confirmed foreigners among those on board: the pilot from India and an Italian citizen, former professional cyclist Andrea Manfredi.[5][26]
Response[edit]
A search and rescue operation was deployed by the Indonesian National Search and Rescue Agency (Basarnas), with assistance from the Indonesian Air Force.[27] Basarnas dispatched about 150 people in boats and helicopters to the site of the accident.[12] Civilian vessels also responded to the reports of a downed aircraft, and the crew of a tugboat reported to authorities in Tanjung Priok that they had witnessed an aircraft crash at 6:45 a.m. and located debris in the water at 7:15 am.[11][28] Debris believed to be from the aircraft was found near an offshore production platform near the accident site.[29]
A spokesperson for the agency confirmed to reporters that the aircraft had crashed,[28] though as of about 9:00 a.m. a Tanjung Priok official said that no information had emerged about the condition of the people on board.[30] Muhammad Syaugi, head of Basarnas, later confirmed that there had been casualties, without specifying a number.[12]
The chief executive officer of Lion Air, Edward Sirait, said the same aircraft had reported a “technical issue” on Sunday night (before this flight was a flight from Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali, to Soekarno-Hatta International Airport, Jakarta), but had been cleared to fly on Monday. He said he would not ground the nine other MAX 8 aircraft in Lion Air’s fleet.[13][31] On 30 October, however, Indonesia’s Transportation Ministry ordered all of the country’s airlines to conduct emergency inspections on their Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft. The ministry would also launch a special audit on Lion Air to see if there were problems with its management system.[32]
On 31 October, Transportation Minister Budi Karya Sumadi temporarily suspended Lion Air’s technical director Muhammad Arif from his duties and made it clear that his suspension was related to the crash investigation. Budi said the ministry had also suspended an unspecified number of Lion Air technicians who had cleared JT-610 to fly on its final flight.[33]
Recovery operations[edit]
On 29 October, authorities said that all on board were presumed dead and that the first human remains had been recovered.[34] Divers had located fragments of the aircraft’s fuselage and assorted debris, but had yet to find the onboard flight recorders.[34]
On 30 October, six body bags had been used to recover human remains.[35] The following day, it was reported that transponder “pings” had been detected, no further than 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from the group of eight current search points, which were possibly from the underwater locator beacon of the aircraft data recorders.[36]
Investigation[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2018) |
Lion Air CEO, Edward Sirait, said that technical problems, which had been reported after the flight of the aircraft on the night before the accident, had been addressed in accordance with maintenance manuals issued by the manufacturer. Engineers had declared that the aircraft was ready for takeoff on the morning of the accident.[37]
A team from Boeing and the US government arrived on 31 October to help with the investigation. Boeing provided a technician and an engineer. The team from the US government consisted of members of the National Transportation Safety Board. A team from Singapore had already arrived on the night of 29 October. The Singaporean team were to provide assistance in recovering the aircraft data recorders.[38]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
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